The short answer is that no, they shouldn't just work, at least not by default.
The{
you're getting from Google IME is a full−width character, and a completely different character (in encoding terms) from {
. It's not standard practice for full-width characters to be parsed as special characters. For example, even if you're writing a website in Japanese, you can't have a <html> tag (should be <html>). This is all down to limiting the number of reserved characters.
That said, in this particular case SE may be willing to make an exception for usability's sake.
I imagined (although there's really no basis or precedent for this) that when we graduate from beta and get a custom design etc, one of the SE guys will work with us to fine-tune the furigana and implement any other special features we require as a site. If there's no response from them to this question, that would be a good time to bring it up again.